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Diarmuid O'Hegarty (irish: O'hEigeartuigh, 1892-1958) was an Irish civil servant and revolutionary. Born in Lowertown, Skibbereen, Co Cork, O'Hegarty was educated at the Christian Brothers schools, in common with many catholic revolutionaries of the period at St Patrick's Place, Cork. He joined the Dublin Civil service in 1910, aged eighteen, and was posted to the department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction, where he worked as the assistant to T.P.Gill, the secretary. He was member of the Keating branch of the Gaelic League and closely associated with the Teeling Circle (named after Bartholomew Teeling) of the IRB. It was here that he first met and became firm friends of Michael Collins. O'Hegarty's interests were academic and theatrical. He became a member and then stage manager of a troupe of Gaelic players, relating historical traditions of irishness, cultural revivalism, and nationalism. The troupe called ''Na hAisteoiri'' included later revolutionaries, Piaras Beaslai, the biographer who wrote a comprehensive of Collins life. Gearoid O'Sullivan was another close friend of the General, whilst hiding out in Dublin negotiating secret guerilla warfare. Others included, Fionan Lynch and Con Collins, who were members of Collins' notorious assassination unit, ''The Squad''. O'Hegarty was 2nd Lt of F Company, 1st batt, Dublin Brigade, Irish Volunteers in charge of the barricades at Church street, Mary Lane, Mary's Abbey, and Jameson's Distillery. He was prominent in the re-organisation of the Irish Volunteers after the 1916 Easter Rising. He was arrested after the failed rising ended in April 1916, "rapid utterance, hair flopped on forehead...untidy look, careless in dress." A disheveled appearance revealed a somewhat nervous disposition.〔O'Malley, Ernie, "On Another Man's Wound", (Tralee 1926), p.61〕 On 1 May he was sent to Knutsford jail, Cheshire, England. However the authorities failed to identify the importance of their prisoner, releasing him early to return to his family and job in the civil service. He soon quit the job to concentrate on illegal IRB activities. He joined Collins and Sean Murthuile in the re-organization of the Volunteers led by the IRB. He was a central member of Kathleen Clarke's women's prisoner support group that protested outside Mountjoy prison and Kilmainham gaol. The Irish Dependent Volunteers Fund was eventually merged with the more moderate Irish National Aid Association (which had been founded by the Redmonds) in August 1916, with O'Hegarty's influence ensuring the new body INA&VDF was dominated by republicans. O'Hegarty was a close friend of Harry Boland, a constant companion, as well as Collins, and the group called him "the parson". He was able to slip in and out of civil society quietly and unsuspected securing favours via the catholic church. He refused to take the Oath of Allegiance to the Crown, and so was dismissed. At the same time his used his administrative experience to influence the nomination of Sinn Fein candidates at the General Election of 1918. The landslide for the party in a country tired of war, and searching for peace, enabled O'Hegarty's appointment to the new Dail Secretariat - the beginnings of an irish only civil service.〔Longford, p.102.〕 As the ''eminence grise'' translated into the common parlance, he was repeating the traditional of Erskine Grey in the rules for a new state within a state's governance.〔de Vere White, p.59.〕 O'Hegarty's was the organization genius as secretary to the First Dail (1919-21). He worked in clandestine offices, frequently visited by Michael Collins, on the corner of O'Connell street, and Abbey street, and later in Middle Abbey street, where he set up a permanent base. The necessity for secrecy was doctrinaire, and codified by minutes, correspondence, and formal meetings. But the real source of his power came from membership of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, a shadowy organization, which De Valera distrusted and disliked. They were paramilitaries: O'Hegarty had joined the Volunteers after the Rising in June 1916 on his return from captivity in England, not relinquishing membership until the induction of a truce from the end of 1921. He was IRA Director of Communications during the war of independence. He was arrested by the British, tried and convicted of illegal assembly. The offence of trespassory assembly effectively limited the size of a crowd to minimal number under the public order acts. Whilst in Mountjoy jail he became a dominant figure amongst the IRA prisoners, ordering Noel Lemass to end his self-imposed hunger strike. On release he took over from Collins, who was moved to Intelligence to conduct a 'dirty war' against soft targets, to be the new Directorial Head of Organization, March 1920-April 1921, at the same time as being promoted vice-commandant of the Dublin brigade. Collins could be provocative towards his colleagues, as O'Hegarty took over Organization "a long cow-lick fell over his right eye; he had untidy collar angled tie and a disheveled appearance...worked hard...muttered rapid speech; mind worked quickly, shrewdly and surely...in clear clever imagery, often biting...quick intellect, often disguised by a surface casualness."〔E O'malley, "On Another Man's Wounds" p.128.〕But this attitude came to exemplify the true heroic freedom fighter "Lack of general regard for health and personal comfort had become close to affectation with us; it was a sigh of manliness."〔O,Malley, "On Another Man's Wound", p.136.〕O'Hegarty built on the extensive training and development achieved under Collins, although at the time of the treaty negotiations, it was on its last legs, effectively beaten by superior British forces. He served as Secretary to the Irish delegation in London peace talks October-December 1921. On 7 January the Dail voted to accept the Treaty under Griffith's leadership. The decision split the movement, leaving many anti-treaty republicans to carry on the war against the Free State. A vocal supporter of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, he was appointed secretary to the Provisional Government in 1922, participating in the unsuccessful negotiations to prevent hostilities by unifying army commands in May 1922. he was seconded in July to serve a month as Governor of Mountjoy prison, a post for which he was spectacularly ill-suited. He at once challenged by threats all prisoners who tried leaning out of windows to talk to pedestrians in public that unless the desisted they would be shot. A stalwart defender of the Free State, O'Hegarty prompted anger and resentment amongst the unruly republican inmates.〔Peadar O'Donnell, p.20.〕 A member of the Army Council from September 1922, during the civil war, he served for a second term as Director of Organization from July 1922-December 1922. Also in September 1922, following the death of Michael Collins, he was appointed commandant general, and Director of Intelligence of the National Army until May 1923. In March, he was appointed Secretary to the Executive Council of the Irish Free State, leaving the army on 1 May with the rank of lieutenant-general to resume a civil service career. Whilst secretary to the Executive Council, he was principal private secretary to its president W.T.Cosgrave. O'Hegarty recorded the minutes in cabinet. He was appointed to numerous delegations including the Imperial Conferences of 1926 and 1930. In 1927 he went to New York and Washington DC as the government's representative into congressional hearings on the fate of republican funds which had not been paid into Irish accounts. O'Hegarty's long connections with the revolutionary period, and the old guard, sealed his career in 1932 when a new constitution devised by De Valera had him removed from office. He became commissioner of public works, and then its Chairman from 1949, responsible for government buildings, mostly in and around Dublin. Between 1939-40 during The Emergency he served on the economy committee to advise on wartime spending. For example he was on the Tribunal inquiry into the bankruptcy of Great Southern Railways, and the poor state of public transportation systems in Ireland from 1941. He retired from the Board of Works in 1957. O'Hegarty was a keen golfer. He was a member of Milltown Golf Club. On 27 April 1922, he married, with Michael Collins, as best man, Claire, daughter of Edward Archer, a post office telegraph inspector, from Dublin and Susan Matthews. Her brother Liam Archer was a prominent republican volunteer. They lived at 9 Brendan Road, Donnybrook. He died in 14 March 1958 in Dublin, leaving an estate worth £5, 441. His papers were deposited in the UCD Archives. ==Bibliography== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diarmuid O'Hegarty」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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